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Reading: Past Modal Verbs of Deduction
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B1+ Grammar Lessons and Exercises

Past Modal Verbs of Deduction

English Test Online
Last updated: April 13, 2026 11:46 am
English Test Online

Exercise 3

Use the verbs in brackets to finish the sentences in the past modal verb form.

Exercises & Summary
  1. Past Modal Verbs of Deduction Exercises
  2. Exercise 1
  3. Exercise 2
  4. Exercise 3

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Hi Team,

I’ve reviewed what happened yesterday, and there are a few things we can reasonably guess.

When the server stopped responding, the IT team 1️⃣ (be) under a lot of pressure. The error message disappeared suddenly, so someone 2️⃣ (restart) the system without informing us. Since no alert was sent, they 3️⃣ (notice) the warning signs earlier.

John arrived late to the meeting, so he 4️⃣ (miss) the first email update. However, he knew most of the details, which means he 5️⃣ (read) the shared document later.

The client sounded surprised on the call. They 6️⃣ (expect) such a long delay. Given their reaction, they 7️⃣ (plan) their schedule differently.

The report was incomplete, so it 8️⃣ (prepare) in a hurry. Some data was missing, which means the analyst 9️⃣ (forget) to include the final figures.

No one replied after 6 p.m., so the team 1️⃣0️⃣  (leave) the office by then. Still, the lights were on in one room, so someone 1️⃣1️⃣ (stay) late to fix the issue. The backup failed as well. It 1️⃣2️⃣ (run) properly overnight.
Otherwise, the files 1️⃣3️⃣ (restore) automatically.

This problem was serious, but it 1️⃣4️⃣ (avoid) with better communication. With clearer procedures, the delay 1️⃣5️⃣ (seem) less confusing to everyone involved.

Best regards,
Alex

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